In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is the fertilization of two gametes (sperm and eggs) outside the womb.
IVF-ICSI
Table of Contents
Definition
What are assisted reproductive techniques (ART)?
These procedures aim to achieve fertilization and pregnancy by artificial means. The sperm and egg are united to facilitate their merger, i.e. fertilization.
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treatment summary
IVF - ICSI
This is short summary of the whole process: from the appointment request, to receiving the medical discharge after the treatment
The in vitro fertilization is a very advanced technique that is performed in several sessions, can take five to 10 even.
Treatment Type
The treatment consists of joining a maternal egg and paternal sperm in laboratory conditions before implanting it in the uterus.
Previous Advice
Couples should discuss and be clear about their expectations and what they hope to gain from treatment.
Results and Waiting Periods
Sometimes, the treatment can fail and it is necessary to perform it again but fortunately almost all cases are successful.
Resuming Sex Life
Couples who undergo treatment do not need to be absent from work or home activities, only when they need to go to the clinic.
Further Tips
After an in vitro fertilization treatment, many couples continue to have more children when they want them.
Techniques and treatments
What is Artificial Insemination?
Artificial insemination (AI) is the deposition of sperm previously treated, i.e. selected and capacitated, inside the female genital tract. This technique can be performed with sperm from the couple, called artificial insemination by husband (AIH) or frozen sperm from an anonymous donor (cryopreserved), which is called artificial insemination by donor (AID).
Techniques and treatment
What is In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)?
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is the fertilization of two gametes (sperm and eggs) outside the womb, in the laboratory. IVF requires:
A pre ovarian stimulation to achieve a multiple follicular response
Puncture of these follicles and oocytes uptake
Washing, selection and sperm capacitation
The union of gametes or fertilization in the laboratory
Implanting the embryo in the uterus in order to achieve an evolutionary gestation.
Introplasmic fertilization of invitro sperm.
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It is a special type of FIV by injecting a single sperm into the oocyte. It is the intra-cytoplasmic micro-injection of sperm. It is the most commonly used reproduction technique and the most efficient in cases of infertility due to a male problem, as it takes very few normal sperm to achieve a pregnancy.
Medical evaluation
What are the success rates with assisted reproductive techniques?
Although techniques are effective and results can vary depending on the experience of the reproduction centre, the best success rates in cases of severe male factor infertility are those using ICSI techniques, and are generally around 50% of gestations. They are definitely not infallible techniques.
What is the role of the Urologist-Andrologist in these techniques?
The first objective will be to attempt to correct the problem in the male so that these techniques are not necessary. In the case where this is not possible, the first objective will be to retrieve sperm for reproduction and ensure that sperm are of the highest quality to achieve a better success rate using the technique. On the other hand, the male patient should be explored and studied as far as possible to ensure that there are no secondary genetic abnormalities.
Techniques and treatment
Are there other more modern techniques?
More recently, techniques have been developed that allow a better selection of sperm, such as IMSI with ICSI sperm selection using a high magnification microscope.
Author
Dr. Natalio Cruz
El Dr. Cruz, con 25 años de experiencia médica, ha sido hasta 2016 Jefe de la Unidad de Andrología en el Servicio de Urología del Hospital Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, Coordinador Nacional de Andrología de la Asociación Española de Urología (AEU) y Secretario General de la ESSM, cargos que ha delgado para centrarse de lleno en el ilusionante proyecto de ofrecer una consulta médica privada de alto nivel en Sevilla.